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Q1. Which vertebra corresponds to the spine of scapula?
→ T3.
Q2. Which vertebra corresponds to the inferior angle of scapula?
→ T7.
Q3. Which structures form the posterior axillary fold?
→ Latissimus dorsi and teres major.
Q4. What covers the shoulder joint laterally?
→ Deltoid muscle.
Q5. Which fossa houses supraspinatus and infraspinatus?
→ Supraspinous and infraspinous fossae respectively.
Q6. Chief abductor of arm beyond 15°?
→ Deltoid.
Q7. Muscle initiating abduction of arm?
→ Supraspinatus (0–15°).
Q8. Muscles causing external rotation of arm?
→ Infraspinatus and teres minor.
Q9. Main internal rotator of humerus in scapular region?
→ Subscapularis.
Q10. Which muscle is not part of rotator cuff?
→ Teres major.
Q11. Nerve supply of deltoid?
→ Axillary nerve (C5, C6).
Q12. Nerve supply of supraspinatus and infraspinatus?
→ Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6).
Q13. Nerve supply of teres major?
→ Lower subscapular nerve.
Q14. How to test deltoid clinically?
→ Ask patient to abduct arm against resistance between 15°–90°.
Q15. How to test subscapularis clinically?
→ Lift-off test (hand lifted off back).
Q16. Name the rotator cuff muscles.
→ Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis (SITS).
Q17. Commonest tendon to tear in rotator cuff injuries?
→ Supraspinatus tendon.
Q18. What is painful arc syndrome?
→ Pain during 60–120° abduction due to supraspinatus tendon impingement.
Q19. Which clinical test checks supraspinatus?
→ Empty can test.
Q20. Which test checks infraspinatus and teres minor?
→ External rotation test.
Q21. Boundaries of quadrangular space?
→ Above – teres minor; Below – teres major; Medial – long head of triceps; Lateral – humerus.
Q22. Contents of quadrangular space?
→ Axillary nerve, posterior circumflex humeral vessels.
Q23. Contents of upper triangular space?
→ Circumflex scapular artery.
Q24. Contents of lower triangular space (interval)?
→ Radial nerve, profunda brachii artery.
Q25. Clinical importance of quadrangular space?
→ Site of axillary nerve compression → deltoid weakness, regimental badge anesthesia.
Q26. Root value of axillary nerve?
→ C5, C6.
Q27. Muscles supplied by axillary nerve?
→ Deltoid, teres minor.
Q28. Cutaneous supply of axillary nerve?
→ Upper lateral cutaneous nerve of arm (regimental badge area).
Q29. Common causes of axillary nerve injury?
→ Fracture of surgical neck of humerus, shoulder dislocation, crutch misuse.
Q30. Clinical signs of axillary nerve injury?
→ Deltoid paralysis, loss of abduction beyond 15°, flattening of shoulder, regimental badge anesthesia.
Q31. Arteries forming scapular anastomosis?
→ Suprascapular, dorsal scapular, circumflex scapular, acromial branch of thoracoacromial artery.
Q32. Clinical importance of scapular anastomosis?
→ Maintains collateral circulation when axillary artery is ligated/blocked.
Q33. Why does shoulder flatten in axillary nerve injury?
→ Deltoid paralysis and wasting.
Q34. Why is deltoid a safe site for intramuscular injections?
→ Thick muscle, superficial, easy access — but injections must avoid axillary nerve and vessels.
Q35. Why is suprascapular nerve injury important?
→ Weakness of abduction initiation and lateral rotation.
Q36. Why is radial nerve vulnerable in triangular interval?
→ Lies directly with profunda brachii artery → injury causes wrist drop.
Q37. Why are supraspinatus tears most common in rotator cuff?
→ Its tendon passes under acromion → prone to impingement.
Q38. Why is the rotator cuff called the dynamic stabilizer of shoulder?
→ Keeps humeral head centered in glenoid cavity during movements.
Q39. What happens if subscapularis is torn?
→ Loss of medial rotation and positive lift-off test.
Q40. How does quadrangular space syndrome present?
→ Shoulder pain, deltoid weakness, paresthesia over badge area (axillary nerve compression).
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