Topic Overview

Scapular Region

Introduction

• The scapular region refers to the posterior aspect of shoulder around the scapula.

• It contains:

  • Scapula and associated muscles.

  • Important neurovascular structures (suprascapular nerve/vessels, circumflex scapular artery, posterior circumflex humeral vessels, axillary nerve).

• Functions:

  • Provides wide range of shoulder movements (flexion, extension, abduction, rotation).

  • Important site for anastomosis around scapula (ensures collateral circulation).

• Clinical importance:

  • Fractures, dislocations, nerve injuries, scapular winging are frequently tested in exams.

Surface Landmarks

• Spine of scapula → runs transversely across back at level of T3 vertebra.

• Acromion process → lateral end of scapular spine, palpable at top of shoulder.

• Coracoid process → hook-like projection palpable just below clavicle, anterolateral to acromion.

• Inferior angle of scapula → corresponds to T7 vertebra, palpable when arm is adducted.

• Medial border of scapula → runs vertically, easily palpable.

• Lateral border of scapula → less distinct, covered by muscles.

• Supraspinous fossa → above spine, occupied by supraspinatus.

• Infraspinous fossa → below spine, occupied by infraspinatus.

• Deltoid muscle → covers shoulder joint laterally.

• Posterior axillary fold → formed by latissimus dorsi and teres major, felt behind armpit.